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Table 1: Public Current Expenditure Per Pupil (const. $US)
|
|
PRIMARY |
SECONDARY |
TERTIARY |
|||||||||
|
1970 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
1970 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
1970 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
|
|
Zimbabwe |
66 |
143 |
118 |
126 |
708 |
761 |
240 |
233 |
1323 |
2398 |
1138 |
806 |
|
Malawi |
31 |
16 |
17 |
15 |
602 |
289 |
228 |
192 |
3399 |
2973 |
2297 |
1782 |
|
Zambia |
62 |
56 |
42 |
16 |
528 |
321 |
254 |
138 |
8896 |
3084 |
2665 |
865 |
Note: Total public expenditure on education includes both capital and recurrent expenditure for all administrative levels expressed in constant US dollars.Source: GNP data from World Bank and total government expenditure from UNESCO
Table 1a: Total Public Expenditure on Education as a Percentage of Government Expenditure and GNP
|
|
Total Government Expenditure |
GNP |
||||||
|
1970 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
1970 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
|
|
Zimbabwe |
16.1 |
13.7 |
16.0 |
- |
3.4 |
6.6 |
8.9 |
11.4 |
|
Malawi |
13.2 |
8.4 |
9.6 |
10.3 |
4.6 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
3.4 |
|
Zambia |
9.0 |
7.6 |
13.4 |
8.7 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
4.6 |
2.9 |
Note: Total public expenditure on education includes both capital and recurrent expenditure for all administrative levels expressed in constant US dollars.Source: GNP data from World Bank and total government expenditure from UNESCO
Table 2: Total Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) (Primary and Secondary)
|
Countries |
1970 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
||||
|
P |
S |
P |
S |
P |
S |
P |
S |
|
|
Zimbabwe |
70 |
7.5 |
85 |
7.7 |
136 |
41.5 |
116 |
50.0 |
|
Malawi |
36 |
1.9 |
60 |
3.5 |
60 |
4.1 |
69 |
3.9 |
|
Mozambique |
40 |
4.1 |
99 |
5.2 |
87 |
7.3 |
66 |
7.6 |
|
Zambia |
90 |
12.8 |
90 |
16.1 |
100 |
18.0 |
92 |
21.3 |
Source: DAE, 1994, using World Bank sources
Table 2a: Gap Between Male and Female GER (Primary)
|
Countries |
1970 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
|
Zimbabwe |
15 |
13 |
9 |
1 |
|
Malawi |
20 |
24 |
16 |
14 |
|
Mozambique |
26 |
30 |
22 |
19 |
|
Zambia |
19 |
16 |
13 |
7 |
Table 2b: Gap Between Male and Female GER (Secondary)
|
Countries |
1970 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
|
Zimbabwe |
3.3 |
2.4 |
16.4 |
7.7 |
|
Malawi |
2.0 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
1.3 |
|
Mozambique |
2.1 |
4.8 |
5.5 |
4.2 |
|
Zambia |
8.9 |
11.0 |
10.4 |
11.4 |
Source: DAE, 1994, using World Bank sources
Table 3: Primary Enrolment
|
|
Total (thousands) |
Females as a percentage of total |
||||||
|
1970 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
1970 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
|
|
Malawi |
363 |
810 |
943 |
1461 |
37 |
41 |
43 |
45 |
|
Zambia |
695 |
1042 |
1348 |
1461 |
44 |
47 |
47 |
48 |
|
Zimbabwe |
736 |
1235 |
2215 |
2116 |
45 |
47 |
48 |
50 |
Source: DAE, 1994 using World Bank sources
Table 3a: Secondary Enrolment
|
|
Total (thousands) |
Females as a percentage of total |
||||||
|
1970 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
1970 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
|
|
Malawi |
11 |
19 |
26 |
31 |
26 |
28 |
32 |
34 |
|
Zambia |
56 |
102 |
141 |
195 |
33 |
35 |
37 |
37 |
|
Zimbabwe |
50 |
75 |
482 |
672 |
39 |
42 |
40 |
46 |
Source: DAE, 1994 using World Bank sources
Table 4: Tertiary Enrolment
|
|
Total (thousands) |
Females as a percentage of total |
||||||
|
1970 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
1970 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
|
|
Malawi |
2.0 |
3.5 |
3.9 |
6.7 |
31 |
31 |
29 |
24 |
|
Zambia |
1.4 |
7.5 |
8.8 |
15.3 |
15 |
24 |
22 |
28 |
|
Zimbabwe |
5.0 |
8.3 |
30.8 |
49.4 |
42 |
42 |
31 |
27 |
Source: DAE, 1994 using World Bank sources
Table 5: Adult Literacy Rates (in percentages)
|
|
TOTAL |
FEMALE |
||||
|
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
|
|
Malawi |
22.0 |
22.5 |
29.3 |
12.0 |
12.3 |
17.7 |
|
Zambia |
61.1 |
67.4 |
72.8 |
51.2 |
58.7 |
65.3 |
|
Zimbabwe |
57.2 |
62.3 |
66.9 |
49.0 |
55.0 |
60.3 |
Note: The adult literacy rate here is the percentage of persons aged 15 years and over who can read and write.Source: UNDP, 1993 Human Development Report supplemented by UNESCO data.
Table 6: Women's Labour Force Participation (numbers and percentages)
|
Country |
Agriculture (thousands) |
Manufacturing (thousands) |
Community (thousands) |
All |
||||
|
Total Women |
% Women |
Total Women |
% Women |
Total Women |
% Women |
Total Women |
% Women |
|
|
Malawi (1991) |
77.6 |
|
6.5 |
|
15.5 |
|
106.5 |
17.9 |
|
Zambia (1986) |
|
NA |
|
NA |
|
NA |
98.5 |
16.1 |
|
Zimbabwe (1993) |
10.0 |
|
13.0 |
|
98.7 |
|
223.8 |
19.4 |
Source: International Labour Organisation (ILO)
Table 7a: Numbers of Teachers (thousands)
|
|
Primary |
Secondary |
||||
|
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
|
|
Malawi |
12.5 |
15.4 |
22.7 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
|
Zambia |
21.5 |
27.3 |
33.2 |
4.9 |
6.7 |
8.5 |
|
Zimbabwe |
28.1 |
56.1 |
59.2 |
3.8 |
17.3 |
25.0 |
Table 7b: Percentage of Female Teachers in Primary and Secondary (%)
|
|
Primary |
Secondary |
||||
|
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
|
|
Malawi |
27 |
33 |
34 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Zambia |
40 |
43 |
45 |
- |
23 |
- |
|
Zimbabwe |
35 |
43 |
39 |
37 |
30 |
29 |
Source: DAE, 1994 using World Bank sources
