Source notes

i

UN Secretary General, April 2000, Report to the Millennium Assembly.

ii

UNDP, 1999, Human Development Report; UN Secretary General, April 2000, Report to the Millennium Assembly, World Bank, June 2000, World Development Report 2000/01.

iii

UN Secretary General, April 2000, Report to the Millennium Assembly.

iv

UNHCS, 1999, An Urbanising World, Global Report on Human Settlements.

v

The evidence in paragraphs 27-34 is drawn mainly from:

a. UNCTAD 1996, Report on Least Developed Countries;

b. Crafts, Nicholas, March 2000, Globalisation and Growth in the Twentieth Century, IMF Working Paper;

c. Dollar, David and Kraay, Aart, March 2000, Growth is Good for the Poor;

d. White, Howard and Anderson, Edward, 2000, Growth Vs Distribution: Does the Pattern of Growth Matter?;

e. Ravallion, Martin, July 2000, Growth and Poverty: Making Sense of the Current Debate;

f. Cornia, Giovanni Andrea, 2000, Inequality and Poverty in the Era of Liberation and Globalisation, UNU/WIDER.

vi

World Bank, 2000, Voices of the Poor Study. This was based on the experiences of more than 60,000 poor women and men in 60 countries, as background for the World Development Report 2000/2001.

vii

Worldaware/Commonwealth Business Council Report Priorities for Action to Promote Investment in the Commonwealth; Smarzynska, B and Wei, Shiang Jin, March 2000, Corruption and Composition of Foreign Direct Investment US National Bureau of Economic Research Report.

viii

Cabinet Office, 2000, Report on Recovering the Proceeds of Crime.

ix

A Better World for All, 2000.

x

Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, Stephen Byers.

xi

Sachs, Jeffrey and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 2000.

xii

The data in this box are drawn from: World Bank Policy Research Report: Confronting AIDS. Public priorities in a global epidemic and UNAIDS Report on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, June 2000, Waking up to devastation.

xiii

UNESCO, 2000, Statistical Document Education for All Assessment. World Education Forum.

xiv

KPMG, 2000 The Impact of the New Economy on Poor People.

xv

OECD, 2000, E-Commerce for Development: Prospects and Policy Issues.

xvi

This is based on analysis done by John Weeks at the School of Oriental and African Studies (unpublished).

xvii

Global Forum for Health Research, 1999: The 10/90 Report on Health Research.

xviii

This will be published in a Cabinet Office Report: HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria in Developing Countries: Harnessing the Contribution of the Private Sector.

xix

The data in paragraphs 149-152 are drawn from IMF World Economic Outlook, September 2000.

xx

Collier, Paul, Hoeffler, Anke and Pattulo, Catherine, December 1999, Flight Capital as a Portfolio Choice, IMF Working Paper.

xxi

Victor Welnikov, Deputy Governor of the Russian Central Bank.

xxii

Oxfam, June 2000, Tax Havens: Releasing the Hidden Billions for Poverty Eradication.

xxiii

Pensions and Investment Research Consultants Ltd. 2000, Assessment of a Proposal to Encourage Triple Bottom Line Reporting.

xxiv

Inamdar, Amar, Improving the Developmental Impact of Transnational Corporations, Synergy.

xxv

Cabinet Office Report, September 2000, Rights of Exchange: Social, Health, Environmental and Trade Objectives on the Global Stage.

xxvi

McKay, Andrew, Winters, L Alan and Mamo Kedir, Abbi, June 2000, A Review of Empirical Evidence on Trade, Trade Policy and Poverty. CREDIT.

xxvii

Mayer, Jorg and Wood, Adrian, forthcoming, South Asia’s export structure in a comparative perspective, Oxford Development Studies.

xxviii

Nichols, Lucy, 1991 “Human resources and structural adjustment: evidence from Costa Rica”, in Martin Godfrey (ed), Skill Development for International Competitiveness; Rodriguez, Ennio, 1997, “Costa Rica: policies and conditions for export diversification”, Inter-American Development Bank.

xxix

Nagarajan, Nigel, November 1999, The Millennium Round: An Economic Appraisal, European Commission Economic Papers.

xxx

European Commission, 1997, Green Paper on Relations Between the European Union and the ACP countries on the Eve of 21st Century: Challenges and Options for a New Partnership.

xxxi

Milner, C., Morrissey, Oliver and Rudaheranwa, N, 2000 (forthcoming), “Policy and Non-Policy Barriers to Trade and Implicit Taxation of Exports in Uganda”, Journal of Development Studies.

xxxii

Limao, Nuno and Venables, Anthony, 1999, Infrastructure, Geographical Disadvantage and Transport Costs, Columbia University and LSE.

xxxiii

Prime Minister’s Speech to the CBI/Green Alliance Conference on the Environment, 24 October 2000, Richer and Greener.

xxxiv

Collier, Paul and Dollar, David, March 2000, Can the World Cut Poverty in Half? and Dollar, David, May 2000, Some Thoughts on the Effectiveness of Aid, Non-Aid Development Finance and Technical Assistance (nb. the 50% increase is based on constraining the allocation to India - if this is relaxed the figure increases to 90%).

xxxv

Dollar, David & Burnside, Craig, 1988, Assessing Aid - What Works and What Doesn’t and Why, World Bank.

xxxvi

World Bank’s Country Policy and Institutional Assessment table 1998.

xxxvii

Foster, Mick, June 2000, Experience with Implementing Sector Wide Approaches, ODI

xxxviii

Dollar, David & Burnside, Craig, 1988, Assessing Aid - What Works and What Doesn’t and Why, World Bank.

xxxix

UK Statistics on Untying 2000. Most UK aid is already untied. The tied proportion of UK commitments of bilateral official development assistance (excluding Technical Cooperation) fell from 28% in 1997 to 8½% in 1999. The largest element of Technical Cooperation is consultancies (around £200 million).Other elements include: volunteers and other personnel; training and scholarships; knowledge and research. An increasing proportion of this is being procured in recipient countries.

xl

Brahimi, August 2000, Report of the Panel on United Nations Peacekeeping.

xli

Prime Minister, Tony Blair, September 2000: Speech to the Millennium Summit of the United Nations.