PreviousThe following tables (3.1 to 3.9) and illustrations (10 A to 13) contain the data from the investigations on the host specificity of T. nigrescens among the storage pests of Coleoptera species (4.1).
Table 3.1 Influence of T. nigrescens on the development of different pest populations and the ability of the predator to reproduce in these cultures
Experiments with host monocultures and mixed cultures with 100 P.truncatus on various substrates evaluation after 8 weeks at 27°C and 75% r h (mw ± sd ,n=5) D.pore: Dinoderus porcellus, R.domi.: Rhizopertha dominica; (1),(2): replicates; T: from Togo SI, HS varying from controls without T. nigrescens significant (p<= 1%) highly significant (p<= 0,1%)
| Experiment | Adult Pests | Adult P.truncatus | Progeny T.nigrescens | Substrate |
| 100 D.porc. T | 508.8 ± 57.3 | Sorghum | ||
| 100 D.porc. T +T nigr. | 4854 ± 87.3 | 0.2 ± 04 | ||
| 100 D.porc. T | 148.0 ± 22.6 | Cassava | ||
| 100 D.porc. T+ T.nigr. | 62.0 ± 10.1 HS | 1.8 ± 1.9 | ||
| 100 D.porc. T | 125.8 ± 23.7 | Maize | ||
| 100 D.porc. T+ T.nigr. | 102.0 ± 9.3 | 1.4 ± 2.6 | ||
| 100 D.porc. T+ P.trun. | 144.0 ± 24.3 | 566.8 ± 85.7 | Maize | |
| 100 D.porc. T+ P.trun. + T. nigr. | 75.4 ± 7.9 HS | 124.4 ± 41.8 HS | 10 0 ± 3 4 | |
| 100 R.domi. (1) | 2535.2 ± 267.9 | Sorghum | ||
| 100 R.domi. + T. nigr. | 2602.4 ± 263.0 | 0 | ||
| 100 R.domi. (2) | 1287.6 ± 119.1 | Sorghum | ||
| 100 R.domi. + T .nigr. | 1262.4 ± 141.9 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | ||
| 100 R.domi. | 89.0 ± 5.7 | Cassava | ||
| 100 R.domi. + T .nigr. | 47.8 ± 7.1 HS | 0.6 ± 0.5 | ||
| 100 R.domi. (1) | 337.2 ± 11.1 | Maize | ||
| 100 R.domi. + T.nigr. | 410.6 ± 46.2 SI | 54 ± 23 |
Table 3.2 Influence of T. nigrescens on the development of different pest populations and the ability of the predator to reproduce in these cultures
Experiments with host monocultures and mixed cultures with 100 P.truncatus on various substrates; evaluation after 8 weeks at 27°C and 75% r.h. (mw±sd, n=5), R.domi: Rhizopertha dominica; S.gr.af: Sitophilus granarius africanus, S.gr.gr: Sitophilus granarius granarius (1),(2): replicates; PR, SI, HS: varying from controls without T.nigrescens probable (p<=5%), significant (p<=1%), highly significant (p<=0,1%)
Experiment |
Adult Pests |
Adult P.truncatus |
Progeny T.nigrescens |
Substrate |
| 100 R.domi. (2) | 256.0 ± 52.7 | Maize | ||
| 100 R.domi. + T.nigr | 259.4 ± 35.1 | 5.8 ± 1.3 | ||
| 100 R.domi. + P.trun. | 267.8 ± 37.8 | 766.0 ± 101.2 | Maize | |
| 100 R.domi. + P.trun. + T.nigr. | 201.0 ± 26.7 PR | 160.2 ±33.2 HS | 36.8 ± 3.0 | |
| 50 S.gr.af. | 868.0 ± 260.7 | Wheat | ||
| 50 S.gr.af. + T.nigr. | 949.8 ± 350.4 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | ||
| 50 S.gr.af. | 145.0 ± 25.6 | Maize | ||
| 50 S.gr.af. +T.nigr. | 167.8±28.6 | 1.0±1.4 | ||
| 100 S.gr.af. + P.trun. | 172.6 ± 26.5 | 565.6 ± 122 2 | Maize | |
| 100 S.gr.af + P. trun. +T. nigr. | 193.2±14.4 | 114.4±10.3 HS | 21.4±3.8 | |
| 50 S.gr.gr. | 1071.2 ± 285.0 | Wheat | ||
| 50 S.gr.gr. +T.nigr. | 883.6±282.1 | 0.4±0.5 | ||
| 50 S.gr.gr. | 209.6 ± 27.4 | Maize | ||
| 50 S.gr.gr. +T.nigr. | 179.6±38.0 | 0.6±0.9 | ||
| 100 S.gr gr.+ P.trun. | 287.2 ± 38.7 | 205.4 ± 60.0 | Maize | |
| 100 S.gr.gr. + P.trun. + T.nigr. | 224.2 ± 15.6 SI | 75.4 ± 16.1 SI | 15.4 ± 2.5 |
Table 3.3 Influence of T. nigrescens on the development of different pest populations and the ability of the predator to reproduce in these cultures
Experiments with host monocultures and mixed cultures with 100 P.truncatus on various substrates. evaluation after 8 weeks at 27°C and 75% r h (mw±sd ,n=5). S.oryz.: Sitophilus oryzae; S. zeam Sitophilus zeamais; A diap.: Alphitobius diaperinus T: from Togo; *: larvae were counted PR. HS varying from controls without T.nigrescens probable (p 5%) highly significant (p<0 1%)
Experiment |
Adult Pests |
Adult P.truncatus |
Progeny T.nigrescens |
Substrate |
| 100 S.oryz. | 2563.2 ± 130.8 | Wheat | ||
| 100 S.oryz.+ T. nigr. | 2399.0 ± 138.7 | 4.0 ± 1.2 | ||
| 100 Soryz. | 772.0 ± 84 .4 | Maize | ||
| 100 S.oryz.+T.nigr. | 718.8 ± 57.4 | 2.4 ±1.1 | ||
| 100 S.oryz.+ P.trun. | 640.2 ± 44.8 | 285.8 ± 82.0 | Maize | |
| 100 S.oryz.+P.trun.+T.nigr. | 435.6 ± 25.7HS | 572 ± 3.9HS | 30.0 ± 2.6 | |
| 50 S.zeam. | 49.8 ± 0.8 | Cassava | ||
| 50 S.zeam.+T.nigr. | 496±0.5 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | ||
| 50 S.zeam. | 368.2 ± 91.4 | Maize | ||
| 50 S.zeam.+ T.nigr. | 376.0 ± 71.7 | 0.8 ± 1.8 | ||
| 100 S.zeam.+ P.trun. | 360.6 ± 48.3 | 142.4 ± 52.2 | Maize | |
| 100 S.zeam.+ P.trun.+ T.nigr. | 627.2 ± 165 4PR | 59.4 ± 26.9 PR | 28.8 ± 6.3 | |
| 20 A.diap. | 425.0 ± 44.8* | Maize | ||
| 20 A.diap. T.+ T.nigr. | 402.2 ± 34.3' | 0.2 ± 0.4 | ||
| 25 A.diap.T + P.trun. | 357.0 ± 53.3 | 310.6 ± 47.0 | Maize | |
| 25 A.diap. + P.trun.+ T.nigr. | 51.6 ± 33.9*HS | 92.4 ± 28.0 HS | 147.6 ± 6.7 |
Table 3.4 Influence of T. nigrescens on the development of different pest populations and the ability of the predator to reproduce in these cultures
Experiments with host monocultures and mixed cultures with 100 P truncatus on various substrates evaluation after 8 weeks at 27°C and 75% r.h. (mw±sd ,n=5); L.oryz.: Latheticus oryzae; P.ratz: Palorus ratzeburgi; T: from Togo; PR, SI, HS: varying from controls without T nigrescens probable (p<=5%), significant (p<=1 %), highly significant (p<=0,1 %)
Experiment |
Adult Pests |
Adult P.truncatus |
Progeny T.nigrescens |
Substrate |
| 50 L.oryz. | 257.6 ± 114.9 | Bran | ||
| 50 L.oryz. + T.nigr. | 295.4 ± 62.5 | 0 | ||
| 50 L.oryz. | 144.8 ± 21.1 | Maize | ||
| 50 L.oryz. + T.nigr. | 270.8 ± 99.7 PR | 0 | ||
| 100 L.oryz. + P.trun. | 74.0 ± 12.1 | 600.4 ± 95.5 | Maize | |
| 100 L.oryz. + P.trun. + T.nigr. | 79.6 ± 5.5 | 135.2 ± 17.0 HS | 29.0 ± 6.3 | |
| 50 L.oryz. T | 357.6 ± 41.0 | Bran | ||
| 50 L.oryz.T + T.nigr. | 262.4 ± 46.9SI | 0.2±0.4 | ||
| 50 L.oryz.T | 520.2 ± 43.1 | Maize | ||
| 50 L.oryz.T + T.nigr. | 465.8±34.6 | 0 | ||
| 100 L.oryz. T + P.trun. | 318.2 ± 31.6 | 492.6 ± 93 2 | Maize | |
| 100 L.oryz.T + P.trun.+ T.nigr. | 104.6± 9.6HS | 118.4 ± 29.1 HS | 29.4±4.3 | |
| 100 P.ratz. | 218.4 ± 27.7 | Bran | ||
| 100 P.ratz. + T.nigr. | 222.2 ± 33.1 | 0 | Oat flakes | |
| 100 P.ratz. | 152.0 ± 10.7 | Maize | ||
| 100 P.ratz. + T.nigr. | 151.6 ± 6.9 | 0.2 ± 0.4 |
Table 3.5 Influence of T. nigrescens on the development of different pest populations and the ability of the predator to reproduce in these cultures
Experiments with host rnonocultures and mixed cultures with 100 P.truncatus on various substrates; evaluation after 8 weeks at 27°C and 75% r.h. (mw±sd ,n=5) P.ratz.: Palorus ratzeburgi; P.subd.:Palorus subdepressus; T.cast.: Triboliurn castaneum;T.conf.: Tribolium confusum: SI, HS varying from controls without T.nigrescen significant (p<=1 %), highly significant (p<=0,1%)
Experiment |
Adult Pests |
Adult P.truncatus |
Progeny T.nigrescens |
Substrate |
| 100 P.ratz. + P. trun. | 92.8 ± 3.2 | 300.6 ± 86.6 | Maize | |
| 100 P.ratz. + P.trun.+T.nigr. | 75.8 ± 6.1 HS | 102.8 ± 17.2SI | 12.2±5.8 | |
| 100 P.subd. | 133.0 ± 15.5 | Bran& | ||
| 100 P.subd.+ T.nigr. | 124.2 ± 14.7 | 0 | Oat flakes | |
| 100 T.cast. | 2052.0 ± 65.4 | Bran& | ||
| 100 T.cast. + T. nigr | 2072.0 ± 102.1 | 0 | Oat flakes | |
| 100 T.cast. | 97.0 ± 1.2 | Cassava | ||
| 100 T.cast. + T. nigr | 96.2 ± 1.8 | 0 | ||
| 100 T.cast. | 135.6 ± 16.8 | Maize | ||
| 100 T.cast. + T.nigr | 134.6 ±15.5 | 0 | ||
| 100 T.cast. + P trun. | 401.0 ±61.5 | 90.6 ± 21.6 | Maize | |
| 100 T.cast. + P.trun. +T.nigr. | 109.6 ± 47HS | 75.0 ± 9.4 | 9.6 ± 2.7 | |
| 100 T.conf. | 1418.2 ± 89.3 | Bran | ||
| 100 T.conf. + T nigr. | 1423.2 ± 47.2 | 0 | ||
| 100 T.conf. | 98.6 ± 3.0 | Cassava | ||
| 100 T.conf. + T. nigr. | 98.1 ± 3.8 | 0 |
Table 3.6 Influence of T. nigrescens on the development of different pest populations and the ability of the predator to reproduce in these cultures
Experiments with host monocultures and mixed cultures with 100 P.truncatus on various substrates; evaluation after 8 weeks at 27°C and 75% r.h. (mw±sd ,n=5); T.conf.: Tribolium confusum; A.adve.: Ahasverus advena; T: from Togo; PR, Sl, HS: varying from controls without T.nigrescens probable (p<=5%), significant (p<=1%), highly significant (p<=0,1%)
Experiment |
Adult Pests |
Adult P.truncatus |
Progeny T.nigrescens |
Substrate |
| 100 T.conf. | 203.4 ± 24.4 | Maize | ||
| 100 T.conf. +T.nigr. | 173.4 ± 27.7 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | ||
| 100 T conf + P. trun. | 268.4 ± 12.0 | 212.0 ± 62.2 | Maize | |
| 100 T.conf. + P.trun. + T.nigr. | 99.2 ± 98.HS | 108.8 ± 19.7 SI | 10.8 ± 5.1 | |
| 100 T.conf.T | 329.0 ± 38.3 | Bran & | ||
| 100 T.conf.T + T.nigr. | 292.0 ± 103.6 | 0 | Oat flakes | |
| 100 T.conf.T | 95.6 ± 4.4 | Cassava | ||
| 100 T.conf.T + T.nigr | 88.8 ± 5.6 | 0 | ||
| 50 T.conf.T | 131.0 ± 14.7 | Maize | ||
| 50 T.conf.T + T.nigr. | 113.2 ± 7.9 PR | 0.6 ± 0.5 | ||
| 100 T.conf.T | 367.0 ± 26.1 | Maize | ||
| 100 T.conf.T + T.nigr. | 324.0 ± 36.1 | 0 | ||
| 100 T.conf.T + P..trun. | 187.2 ± 32.8 | 109.0 ± 33.8 | Maize | |
| 100 T.conf.T + P.trun. + T.nigr. | 122.8 ± 10.8 SI | 94.2 ± 10.1 | 9.2 ± 2.2 | |
| 50 A.adve.T | 615.8 ± 38.2 | Bran & | ||
| 50 A.adve.T. + T.nigr. | 571.0 ± 121.6 | 0 | Oat flakes |
Table 3.7 Influence of T. nigrescens on the development of different pest populations and the ability of the predator to reproduce in these cultures
Experiments with host monocultures and mixed cultures with 100 P. truncatus on venous substrates. evaluation after 8 weeks at 27°C and 75% r.h. (mw±sd, n=5). A adve.: Ahasverus advena. C.pusi.: Cryptolestes pusillus; O.merc.: Oryzaephilus mercator; T: from Togo. PR, SI, HS: varying from controls without T.nigrescens probable (p<=5%) significant (p<=1 %)
Experiment |
Adult Pests |
Adult P. truncatus |
Progeny T.nigrescens |
Substrate |
| 50 A.adve. T | 212.6 ± 39.4 | Maize | ||
| 50 A.adve. T + T.nigr. | 154.6 ± 1.0PR | 0 | ||
| 100 A.adve. T + P. trun. | 49.8 ± 5.4 | 499.8 ± 140.6 | Maize | |
| 100 A.adve. T + P. trun. + T.nigr. | 47.8 ± 12.2 | 119.6 ± 32.8 HS | 16.8 ± 2.5 | |
| 50 C.pusi. | 506.1 ± 63.6 | Bran | ||
| 50 C.pusi. + T.nigr. | 476.4 ± 96.6 | 0 | ||
| 100 C.pusi. | 709.2 ± 111.5 | Maize | ||
| 100 C.pusi. + T.nigr. | 649.0 ± 74.4 | 0 | ||
| 100 C.pusi. + P. trun. | 217.6 ± 39.8 | 330.8 ± 88.8 | Maize | |
| 100 C.pusi. + P.trun. + T.nigr. | 109.8 ±19.6HS | 138.2±19.8 SI | 22.4±3.3 | |
| 50 O.merc. | 1829.6 ± 121.8 | Bran | ||
| 50 O.merc. + T.nigr. | 1280.0 ± 177.4 HS | 0 | ||
| 50 O.merc. | 650.8 ± 48.9 | Maize | ||
| 50 O.merc. + T nigr. | 424.4 ± 74.8 HS | 1.6 ± .1 | ||
| 100 O.merc. + P. trun. | 116.2 ± 16.2 | 384.6 ± 84.7 | Maize | |
| 100 O.merc. + P. trun. + T.nigr. | 61.0 ± 1.2 HS | 86.2 ± 8.5 HS | 11.4 ± 2.5 |
Table 3.8 Influence of T. nigrescens on the development of different pest populations and the ability of the predator to reproduce in these cultures
Experiments with host monocultures and mixed cultures with 100 P. truncatus on various substrates evaluation after 8 weeks at 27°C and 75% r.h. (mw±sd ,n=5); O.suri.: Oryzaephilus surinamensis; C.dimi.: Carpophilus dimidiatus; T: from Togo; PR, SI, HS: varying from controls without T.nigrescens probable (p<=5%), significant (p<=1 %), highly significant (p<=0,1 %)
Experiment |
Adult Pests |
Adult P.truncatus |
Progeny T.nigrescens |
Substrate |
| 50 O.suri. | 2600.8 ± 153.1 | Oat flakes | ||
| 50 O.surf. + T.nigr. | 2099.8 ± 195.9 SI | 3.2 ± 2.8 | ||
| 50 O.suri. | 74.8 ± 8.4 | Cassava | ||
| 50 O.suri. +T.nigr. | 49.6 ± 7.7SI | 0.4 ± 0.5 | ||
| 50 O.suri. | 864.6 ± 123.2 | Maize | ||
| 50 O.suri. + T.nigr. | 509.2 ± 96.3 HS | 2.8 ± 0.8 | ||
| 100 O.suri. + P. trun. | 46.6 ± 5.3 | 211.6 ± 92.8 | Maize | |
| 100 O.suri. + P.trun.+ T.nigr. | 42.4 ± 10.4 | 91.4 ± 9.2 PR | 10.8 ± 4.3 | |
| 40 C.dimi. | 129.0 ± 12.2 | Bran & | ||
| 40 C.dimi.+ T.nigr. | 104.8 ± 18.0 PR | 0 | Almonds | |
| 40 C dimi. | 270.2 ± 105.3 | Maize | ||
| 40 C.dimi. + T.nigr. | 188.8 ± 64.4 | 0 | ||
| 100 C.dimi. + P. trun. | 174.0 ± 32.2 | 234.8 ± 75.1 | Maize | |
| 100 C.dimi. + P. trun.+ T.nigr. | 83.8 ± 7.3 HS | 91.6 ± 14.7 SI | 7.6 ± 3.0 | |
| 40 C.dimi. T. | 42.8 ± 1.9 | Bran & | ||
| 40 C.dimi.T + T.nigr. | 37.2 ± 3.3 PR | 0 | Almonds |
Table 3.9 Influence of T. nigrescens on the development of different pest populations and the ability of the predator to reproduce in these cultures
Experiments with host monocultures and mixed cultures with 100 P. truncatus on venous substrates evaluation after 8 weeks at 27°C and 75% r.h. (mw±sd ,n=5) C.dimi.: Carpophilus dimidiatus, T.gran.: Trogoderma grananum; T.sterc.: Typhaea stercorea; T: from Togo; * larvae were used; # larvae were counted PR, SI, hs varying from controls without T. nigrescens probable (p<=5%) significant (p<=1%) highly significant (p<= 0 1%)
Experiment |
Adult Pests |
Adult P.truncatus |
Progeny T.nigrescens |
Substrate |
| 40 C.dimi. T | 123.2 ± 39.7 | Maize | ||
| 40 C.dimi. T + T.nigr. | 89.2 ± 18.8 | 0 | ||
| 100 C.dimi. T + P. trun. | 103.6 ± 8.3 | 125.6 ± 29.4 | Maize | |
| 100 C.dimi. T + P. trun. + T.nigr. | 95.6 ± 8.3 | 97.4 ± 13.2 | 5.8 ± 2.7 | |
| 25 T.gran. * | 336.4 ± 48.5# | Bran | ||
| 25 T.gran. * + T.nigr. | 210.0 ± 29.2#SI | 0 | ||
| 25 T.gran. * | 348.6 ± 293.1# | Maize | ||
| 25 T.gran. + T.nigr. | 323.4 ± 230.8# | 0 | ||
| 100 T.gran. + P. trun. | 357.0 ± 240.7# | 936.6 ± 50.9 | Maize | |
| 100 T.gran. * + P. trun. + T.nigr. | 29.8 ± 11.5#PR | 120.8 ± 34.8 HS | 29.0 ± 5.0 | |
| 50 T.ster. | 535.8 ± 152.7# | Bran & | ||
| 50 T.ster. + T.nigr. | 746.6 ± 177.3# | 1.6 ± 2.5 | Oat flakes | |
| 50 T.ster. | 628.0 ± 161.5# | Cassava | ||
| 50 T.ster. + T.nigr. | 186.0 ± 205.8#SI | 1.6 ± 1.9 | ||
| 50T.ster. | 494.8 ± 122.6# | Maize | ||
| 50 T.ster. + T.nigr. | 313.4 ± 69.1# | 2.4 ± 1.7 | ||
| 100 T.ster. + P. trun. | 181.0 ± 39.0# | 40.7 ± 138.7 | Maize | |
| 100 T.ster. + P. trun. + T.nigr. | 13.36 ± 45.9# | 115.4 ± 15.5 SI | 9.6 ± 2.9 |
Figure 10 A Influence of 10 T. nigrescens imagines on the development of pest monocultures on maize
Figure 12 A Number of progeny of 10 T. nigrescens imagines in pest monocultures on maize
