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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private. nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members. sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs? encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Samuel O. Thier is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
The Board on Science and Technology for International Development (BOSTID) of the Office of International Affairs addresses a range of issues arising from the ways in which science and technology in developing countries can stimulate and complement the complex processes of social and economic development. It oversees a broad program of bilateral workshops with scientific organizations in developing countries and conducts special studies. BOSTID's Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation publishes topical reviews of technical processes and biological resources of potential importance to developing countries.
This report has been prepared by an ad hoc advisory panel of the Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation, Board on Science and Technology for International Development, Office of International Affairs, National Research Council. Staff support was funded by the Office of the Science Advisor, Agency for International Development, under Grant No. DAN 5538-C-SS-1023-00.
PANEL ON TRITICALE
WILLIAM L. BROWN, Retired Chairman and President, Pioneer HiBred International, Inc.,
Johnson, Iowa; and Chairman, Board on Agriculture, The National Research Council,
Chairman
RICARDO BRESSANI, Head, Division of Food Sciences, Instituto de Nutricion de Centro America y Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
DAVID V. GLOVER, Professor of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Purdue University
ARNEL R. HALLAUER, Research Geneticist, U. S. Department of Agriculture; and Professor of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames
VIRGIL A. JOHNSON, Wheat Research Leader, U. S. Department of Agriculture; and Professor of Agronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
CALVIN O. QUALSET, Director of Genetic Resources Conservation Program; and Professor of Agronomy, University of California, Davis
* * *
NOEL D. VIETMEYER, Senior Program Officer, Board on Science and Technology for International Development, Triticale Study Director and Scientific Editor
National Research Council Staff
F. R. RUSKIN, BOSTID Editor
MARY JANE ENGQUIST, Staff Associate
MEDGE R. CANSECO, Administrative Secretary
ELIZABETH MOUZON, Senior Secretary
SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS
Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo (CIMMYT)
OSMAN ABDALLA, Breeder, Wheat Program
ARNOLDO AMAYA, Head, Industrial Quality Laboratory
NORMAN BORLAUG, Consultant, Wheat Program
BYRD CURTIS, Head, CIMMYT/Turkey Winter Wheat Program, Ankara, Turkey; Former Director, Wheat Program
GENE HETTEL, Science Writer and Editor, Wheat Information Services
CLIVE JAMES, Former Deputy Director General
ROBERTO PENA B., Associate Scientist, Industrial Quality
GENE SAARI, Plant Pathologist, ClMMYT/Turkey Winter Wheat Program, Ankara, Turkey
BENT SKOVMAND, Breeder, Genetic Resources, Wheat Program
GEORGE VARUGHESE, Associate Director, Wheat Program
EVANGELINA VILLEGAS, Head, General Laboratories
DONALD WINKELMANN, Director General
Other Contributors
THOMAS BARKER, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
RONALD BARNETT, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy
CHARLES BENBROOK, Executive Director, Board on Agriculture, National Research
Council
ROBERT H. BUSCH, Research Geneticist, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural
Research Service, Plant Science Research, Northern States Area, St. Paul, Minnesota
KATHARINE V. COOPER, Department of Agronomy, Waite Agricultural Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
NORMAN L. DARVEY, Plant Breeding Institute, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
FRED C. ELLIOTT, Triticale Breeder, Yuma, Arizona
GEORGE FEDAK, Cytogenetics Section, Research Station, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
HENRIQUE GUEDES-PINTO, Head, Divisao de Genetica e Melhoramento de Plantas, Universidade de Tras-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
J. PERRY GUSTAFSON, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
University of Missouri, Columbia
JOSEPH H. HULSE, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
A.R. KLATT, Assistant Dean, International Programs, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
MATHIAS KOLDING, Cereal Breeder, Columbia Basin Research Center, Hermiston, Oregon
E.N. LARTER, Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba,
Canada
KLAUS LORENZ, Professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins
ADAM J. LUKASZEWSKI, Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia
DONALD R. MARSHALL, Department of Agronomy, Waite Agricultural Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia
TRISTAO MELLO-SAMPAYO, Grupo de Citogenetica, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia,
Oeiras, Portugal
ROBERT J. METZGER, U.S. Department of Agriculture (retired), Corvallis, Oregon
ANASTASIO MORALES, Extension Service, c/o CIANO, Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico
MIGUEL MOTA, Departamento de Genetica, Estacao Agronomica Nacional, Oeiras,
Portugal
ROBERT MYER, University of Florida Agricultural Research and Education Center, Marianna
STAN NALEPA, Triticale Breeder, Sun/Seeds Genetics, Inc., Hollister, California
GARY RIESTENBERG, International Nutrition and Genetics Corporation, Perham, Minnesota
DON SALMON, Alberta Agriculture, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
ERNESTO SAMAYOA, INIFAP, c/o CIANO, Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico
D. THOMAS SAVAGE, Department of Poultry Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis
ERNEST SEARS, Professor Emeritus of Agronomy, 108 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia
LEN SHEBESKI, Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
ANTONIO VALENCIA, INIFAP, c/o CIANO, Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico
JEFFREY P. WILSON, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia
TADEUSZ WOLSKI, Poznan Plant Breeders, Warsaw, Poland
FRANK J. ZILLINSKY, CYMMYT Triticale Breeder (retired), Gloucester, Ontario, Canada
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