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Methoprene
IUPAC chemical name [isopropyl (E,E)-(RS)-11-methoxy-3,7,11trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate]
Code no. 'ZR515'
Trade mark 'Altosid'
(Zoecon Corporation / Sandoz A G)
Toxicology Acute oral LD50 for rats >34 600 mg/kg ADI for man, 0.1 mg/kg
Hydroprene
IUPAC chemical name [ethyl (E,E)-3,7,11-trimethyidodeca -2,4-dienoate]
Code no. 'ZR-512'
Trade mark 'Altozar'
(Zoecon Corporation / Sandoz A G)
Toxicology Acute oral LD50 for rats, >5000 mg/kg
Kinoprene
IUPAC chemical name [prop-2-ynyl (±)-(E,E)- 3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4 dienoate]
Code no. 'ZR777'
Trade mark 'Enstar'
(Zoecon Corporation / Sandoz A G)
Toxicology Acute oral LD50 for rats, 4900 mg/kg
Fenoxycarb
IUPAC chemical name [ethyl 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylcarbamate]
Code no. PRO 13-5223'
Trade mark 'Insegar'
(Dr R Maag Ltd and Roche).
Toxicology: Acute oral LD50 for rats >10 000 mg/kg
Juvenile hormone analog I (JHA I)
6',7'-epoxy-3'-ethyl-7'-methyl-dec-2-enyl-6-ethyl-3-pyridyl ether
Dr K Mori, Tokyo, Japan
R-20458
At least four chemical formulations for R-20458 have been quoted
in references:
(i) 3- [5-(4-ethyl phenoxy)-3 -methyl pent-3 -enyl ] -2, 2
-dimethyloxirane
(ii) 6,7-epoxy-3,7-dimethyl-1 -(p-ethylphenoxy)-2-octene
(Mkhize and Gupta,1985)
(iii) 6,7-epoxy-1
-(p-ethylphenoxy)-3,7-dimethyl-trans-2-octene (Mkhize,1986b)
(iv) 4-ethyl
phenyl-6,7'epoxy-geranyl ether (Mkhize,1988)
(Hoffman La Roche Inc., Stauffer Chemical Co. Ltd.)
MV-678
Chemical name [2-methoxy,9(4-isopropylphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl nonane]
(Hoffmann La Roche Inc.)
R-31026
Chemical name [S,S-Di-isobutyl N-ethylethylenebis(thiocarbamate)]
(Stauffer Chemical Co. Ltd. California, US)
Diflubenzuron
IUPAC chemical name [1 (4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea]
Code no. 'PH-60-40', 'TH-6040', 'A13-29054'
Trade mark 'Dimilin'
(Philips Duphar, now Duphar B.V.)
Toxicology Oral LD50 for rats, >4640 mg/kg
A13-63223 Penfluron
Chemical name [N-(2, 6-difluorobenzoyl)-N'-(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl urea]
A13-63220
Chemical name [N-(4-bromophenyl)-N'-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea]
A13-63386
Chemical name [2,6-difluoro-N-3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl amino carbonyl benzamide]
A13-63219
Chemical name [N-(4-butylphenyl)-N'-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea]
A13-63392
Chemical name [2-fluoro-N [{4-(phenylmethoxy) phenyl} methylene] benzenamine]
A13-63061
Chemical name [N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-(2 [6-d if luorobenzoyl)-thiourea]
(Saxena and Mathur,1981)
(Insect Reproduction Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, US)
A13-23939
LY-127063
Chemical name [N-[(5-(4-bromophenyl)-6-methyl-2-pyrazinyl amino) carbonyl] -2-chlorobenzamide]
(Lilly Research Laboratory)
Triflumuron
IUPAC chemical name [1 -(2-=chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl)urea]
Code no. 'SIR 8514'
Trade mark 'Alystin'
(Bayer AG)
Toxicology Acute oral LD50 for rats, >5000 mg/kg
Teflubenzuron
IUPAC chemical name [1-(3,5-dichloro-2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(2,6 difluorobenzoyl)urea]
Code no. 'CME-134'
Trade mark 'Nomolt'
(Celamerck GmbH & Co., now Shell International Chemical Company)
Toxicology Acute oral LD50 for rats, >5000 mg/kg
Three of its analogues:
WB 271082
Chemical name [1 - [4-(7-methoxy-3,7-d i methyl-2-octenyl) oxyphenyl] -3-(2,6 dichlorobenzoyl)-urea]
WB-148
Chemical name [1 - [4-(7-methoxy-3,7-d i methyl-2-octenyl)oxyphenyl] -3-(2,6 difluorobenzoyl)-urea]
S-171
Chemical name [1-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl) urea]
(Ciba-Geigy)
Hexaflumuron
IUPAC chemical name [1-(3,5-dichloro-=4-(1,1,2,2 tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl) urea]
Code no. 'XRD-473'
Trade mark 'Consult', 'Trueno'
(Dow Elanco Ltd)
Toxicology Acute oral LD50 for rats, >5000 mg/kg
Feeding trials in rats, NOAEL (2yr) 75 mg/kg daily
Chlorfluazuron
IUPAC chemical name [1 -(3,5-dichloro-4-(3-chloro-5-trifl uoromethyl-2pyridyloxy)phenyl)-3-(2,6-=difluorobenzoyl)urea]
Code no. 'IKI 7899' (Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd)
'CGA 112'913' (Ciba-Geigy)
'UC 64644' (Union Carbide Corp.)
'PP 145' (ZENECA Agrochemicals)
Toxicology Acute oral LD50 for rats, 8500 mg/kg
Percutaneous LD50 for rats,1000 mg/kg
Flufenoxuron
IUPAC chemical name [1-(4-(2-chloro a,a,a-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-2fluorophenyl)-3-(2,6-dif luorobenzoyl)ureal
Code no.'WL 115 110'
Trade mark 'CASCADE'
(Shell International Chemical Company)
Toxicology Acute oral LD50 for rats, >3000 mg/kg
In feeding trials, NOAEL (90-d) for rats and mice, 50 mg/kg
KA1488
Chemical name [N-ethylcarbamic acid 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl ester] ('CGA045128')
(Ciba-Geigy)
KA416
Chemical name [1-[(4-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,4pentadienyl)oxy]-3-(ph enylmethyl)benzene] ('CGAA013353')
(Ciba-Geigy)
KA860
Chemical name 15- [(4-phenoxyphenoxy)methyl 1 -1,3-benzodioxole] ('CGA028772')
(Ciba-Geigy)
KA1075
Chemical name [1 - [(4-ethyl phenyl)methoxy] -4-phenoxybenzene] ('CGA035452')
(Ciba-Geigy)
KA1205
Chemical name [2,3-dihydro-2- [(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)methyl] -1,4-benzodioxin] ('CGA042015')
(Ciba-Geigy)
KA1213
Chemical name [1 -(3-ethoxybutoxy)-4-phenoxybenzene] ('CGA038531')
(Ciba-Geigy)
KA1245
Chemical name [1 -(2-ethoxypropoxy)-4-phenoxybenzene] ('CGA038519')
(Ciba-Geigy)
Buprofezin
IUPAC chemical name
[2-tert-butylimino-3-isopropyl-5-phenyl-1,3,5 thiadiazinan-4-onel]
Code
no.'NNI-750','PP618'
Trade mark 'Applaud'
(ZENECA Agrochemicals Ltd. Nihon Nobyaku Co. Ltd)
Toxicology Acute oral LD50 for male rats, 2198 mg/kg, for females, 2355 mg/kg
Cyromazine
IUPAC chemical name [N-=cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine]
Code no. 'CGA 72 662'
Trade mark 'Larvadex' (veterinary) 'Neoprex' (veterinary) 'Vetrazine' (veterinary) 'Trigard' (plant protection)
(Ciba-Geigy)
Toxicology Technical grade Acute oral LD50 for rats, 3387 mg/kg
RH-5849
Chemical name [1,2-dibenzoyl-1-tert-butyl hydrazine]
(Rohm & Haas)
Toxicology Acute oral LD50 for rats, 435 mg/kg Dermal LD50 for rats, >5000 mg/kg
Bacillus thuringiensis
Trade mark, to control lepidopterous larvae: 'Dipel' (Abbott Laboratories) 'Bactospeine'(Duphar B.V.) 'Biobit'(Novo Ind.) 'Future' (Solvay); produced from B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki: 'Thuricide' (Sandoz) 'Javelin'(Sandoz); from B. thuringiensis var. aizawai: 'Certan' (Sandoz); to control coleopterous larvae from var. san diego: 'M-One' (Mycogen)
Toxicology Acute oral LD50 for rats, 'Javelin' >5000 mg/kg 'Thuricide' >13 000 mg/kg
Avermectins
Generic name avermectin B1 [a mixture of avermectins containing >80% avermectin B1a (5-O-dimethyl-avermectin A1a) and <20% avermectin B1b (5-O-demethyl-25-de(1 -methylpropyl)-25-(1 -methylethyl)avermectin A1a)]
Trade mark 'Affirm'
(Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories)
Toxicology Acute oral LD50 for rats, >5.0 g/kg Acute dermal LD50 for rats, >2.0 g/kg
Figure
Notes:
* Figure depends upon the carrier used and the conditions of the
study.
LD50 Dose required to kill 50% of test organism.
ADI Acceptable
daily intake (the daily intake which, during an entire lifetime, appears to be
without appreciable risk on the basis of all the known facts at the time, agreed
by the joint FAO/WHO meeting on Pesticide Residues.
**Data taken from EPA,
1988. (Data taken from Worthing and Hance, 1991
)
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